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about metformin -biguanide derivative oral anti-diabetic. -mechanism of action of metformin -it is a biguanide which exerts antidiabetic action. the drug suppresses gluconeogenesis in liver and thus suppresses hepatic glucose output. it enhance insulin mediated glucose disposal in muscle and adipose tissue. it enhance glut1 (glucose transporter-1) transport from intracellular site to plasma membrane. it also interferes with respiratory chain in mitochondria and promotes peripheral glucose utilization by increasing anaerobic glycolysis. it inhibits intestinal absorption of glucose other hexose sugars amino acids and vitamin b12. it also improves lipid profile in type-2 diabetics. -indications for metformin -non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (as adjunct to diet and exercise). -typical dosage for metformin -adults: initial dose: 250mg twice or thrice daily with meals. increase gradually at 2 week intervals if required to a maximum of 3g daily. -children: not applicable.